Lake Hillier, located on Middle Island in Western Australia's Recherche Archipelago, is one of the natural wonders of the world with its vivid pink hue. Stretching about 600 meters in length and surrounded by a rim of sand and dense woodland of paperbark and eucalyptus trees, this saline lake starkly contrasts against the dark blue waters of the surrounding ocean.
Despite numerous studies and hypotheses, scientists remain puzzled by the precise reasons behind Lake Hillier's enduring pink color. The lake first caught the attention of explorers and scientists in the early 19th century and has been a subject of speculation ever since. Initially, researchers believed that the color could be attributed to high salinity combined with the presence of certain algae and bacteria. Most notably, Dunaliella salina—a type of microalgae that thrives in high-salt environments—produces carotenoids that can give the water a red or pink tint. Additionally, halophilic bacteria in the salt crusts could also contribute to the coloration.
Still, these explanations do not fully clarify why Lake Hillier maintains its pink hue year-round, regardless of changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that typically affect the metabolism and pigmentation in microorganisms. Unlike other pink lakes around the world that often change color based on seasonal fluctuations, Lake Hillier consistently exhibits this peculiar color, making it a unique case.
What adds to the intrigue is Lake Hillier’s isolation. The lake is only reachable by helicopter or boat, limiting the extent of direct scientific research that can be conducted. Samples have been taken and tested, showing that the water in Lake Hillier is safe and akin to any other saline lake water except for its extraordinary color. Despite its salty environment, the lake supports little wildlife, but it doesn’t seem harmful to humans.
Tourists and nature enthusiasts often flock to this remote area to witness its stunning beauty from above. The striking pink color of Lake Hillier continues to capture the imagination and curiosity of people all around the globe, encouraging further scientific inquiry into understanding the mechanisms behind this natural wonder. Until researchers can determine the exact cause of its unique color, Lake Hillier will remain one of Australia’s most captivating mysteries.
