The terms "idiot," "imbecile," and "moron" were originally used as clinical categories to describe levels of intellectual disability or developmental disorders in terms of mental age or intellectual capacity. These designations were part of early psychological and medical diagnostics, which attempted to classify individuals based on intellectual ability assessed through IQ testing. Traditionally, "idiot" was used to describe a person with the most severe form of intellectual disability, encompassing individuals with an IQ between 0 and 20. "Imbecile" was a term for those who were moderate in their impairment, generally with IQs ranging from 21 to 50. Meanwhile, "moron" was used to refer to those with milder intellectual disabilities, with IQ scores from 51 to 70.
However, over time, these terms have been recognized as pejorative and stigmatizing. With advances in the fields of psychology and mental health, a greater understanding of the sensitivity needed in discussing and treating mental capabilities emerged. The shift towards more respectful and dignified language to describe individuals with differing cognitive abilities gained traction, leading to changes in both clinical terminology and societal attitudes.
By the mid-20th century, spurred by a broader movement towards inclusivity and human rights, there was a significant rejection of these antiquated and offensive terms. Mental health professionals and advocacy groups pushed for changes in language that would reflect a more compassionate view towards individuals with intellectual disabilities. This eventually led to the modern terminology used today, such as "intellectual disability" or "developmental disability," which are devoid of the value judgments inherent in terms such as "idiot," "imbecile," and "moron."
The outdated terms were officially phased out as medical classifications in most countries, recognizing the harmful effects such labels can have on individuals. Instead, emphasis has been placed on understanding the specific needs and potentials of each individual, promoting a more inclusive and supportive framework. The field of mental health continues to evolve, focusing on respectful, accurate, and empowering language while advocating for the rights and recognition of all individuals, regardless of their intellectual or developmental challenges.
